🕷 SEO Crawling & Scraping: Strategies & Recipes

Q: How to crawl a list of pages, and those pages only (list mode)?

Simply provide that list as the first argument, for the url_list parameter, and make sure that follow_links=False, which is the default. This simply crawls the given pages, and stops when done.

Q: How can I crawl a website including its sub-domains?

The crawl function takes an optional allowed_domains parameter. If not provided, it defaults to the domains of the URLs in url_list. When the crawler goes through the pages of example.com, it follows links to discover pages. If it finds pages on help.exmaple.com it won’t crawl them (it’s a different domain). The solution, therefore, is to provide a list of domains to the allowed_domains parameter. Make sure you also include the original domain, in this case example.com.

Q: How can I slow down the crawling so I don’t hit the websites’ servers too hard?

Use the DOWNLOAD_DELAY setting and set the interval to be waited before downloading consecutive page from the same website (in seconds).

Q: How can I set multiple settings to the same crawl job?

Simply add multiple settings to the custom_settings parameter.

Q: I want to crawl a list of pages, follow links from those pages, but only to a certain specified depth

Set the DEPTH_LIMIT setting in the custom_settings parameter. A setting of 1 would follow links one level after the provided URLs in url_list

Once you have mastered the basics of using the crawl function, you probably want to achieve more with better customization and control.

These are some code strategies that might be useful to customize how you run your crawls.

Most of these options can be set using the custom_settings parameter that the function takes. This can be set by using a dictionary, where the keys indicate the option you want to set, and the values specify how you want to set them.

How to crawl a list of pages, and those pages only (list mode)?

Simply provide that list as the first argument, for the url_list parameter, and make sure that follow_links=False, which is the default. This simply crawls the given pages, and stops when done.

>>> import advertools as adv
>>> url_list = ['https://example.com/page_1',
...             'https://example.com/page_2',
...             'https://example.com/page_3',
...             'https://example.com/page_4']

>>> adv.crawl(url_list,
...           output_file='example_crawl_1.jl',
...           follow_links=False)

How can I crawl a website including its sub-domains?

The crawl function takes an optional allowed_domains parameter. If not provided, it defaults to the domains of the URLs in url_list. When the crawler goes through the pages of example.com, it follows links to discover pages. If it finds pages on help.exmaple.com it won't crawl them (it's a different domain). The solution, therefore, is to provide a list of domains to the allowed_domains parameter. Make sure you also include the original domain, in this case example.com.

>>> adv.crawl('https://example.com',
...           'example_crawl_1.jl',
...           follow_links=True
...           allowed_domains=['help.example.com', 'example.com', 'community.example.com'])

How can I save a copy of the logs of my crawl for auditing them later?

It's usually good to keep a copy of the logs of all your crawls to check for errors, exceptions, stats, etc. Pass a path of the file where you want the logs to be saved, in a dictionary to the cutom_settings parameter. A good practice for consistency is to give the same name to the output_file and log file (with a different extension) for easier retreival. For example:

output_file: 'website_name_crawl_1.jl'
LOG_FILE: 'website_name_crawl_1.log' (.txt can also work)
output_file: 'website_name_crawl_2.jl'
LOG_FILE: 'website_name_crawl_2.log'

>>> adv.crawl('https://example.com', 'example_crawl_1.jl',
...           custom_settings={'LOG_FILE': 'example_crawl_1.log'})

How can I automatically stop my crawl based on a certain condition?

There are a few conditions that you can use to trigger the crawl to stop, and they mostly have descriptive names:

CLOSESPIDER_ERRORCOUNT: You don't want to wait three hours for a crawl to finish, only to discover that you had errors all over the place. Set a certain number of errors to trigger the crawler to stop, so you can investigate the issue.

CLOSESPIDER_ITEMCOUNT: Anything scraped from a page is an "item", h1, title , meta_desc, etc. Set the crawler to stop after getting a certain number of items if you want that.

CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT: Stop the crawler after a certain number of pages have been crawled. This is useful as an exploratory technique, especially with very large websites. It might be good to crawl a few thousand pages, get an idea on its structure, and then run a full crawl with those insights in mind.

CLOSESPIDER_TIMEOUT: Stop the crawler after a certain number of seconds.

>>> adv.crawl('https://example.com', 'example_crawl_1.jl',
...           custom_settings={'CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT': 500})

How can I (dis)obey robots.txt rules?

The crawler obeys robots.txt rules by default. Sometimes you might want to check the results of crawls without doing that. You can set the ROBOTSTXT_OBEY setting under custom_settings:

>>> adv.crawl('https://example.com',
...           'example_crawl_1.jl',
...           custom_settings={'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': False})

How do I set my User-agent while crawling?

Set this parameter under custom_settings dictionary under the key USER_AGENT. The default User-agent can be found by running adv.spider.user_agent

>>> adv.spider.user_agent # to get the current User-agent
>>> adv.crawl('http://example.com',
...           'example_crawl_1.jl',
...           custom_settings={'USER_AGENT': 'YOUR_USER_AGENT'})

How can I control the number of concurrent requests while crawling?

Some servers are set for high sensitivity to automated and/or concurrent requests, that you can quickly be blocked/banned. You also want to be polite and not kill those servers, don't you?

There are several ways to set that under the custom_settings parameter. The available keys are the following:

CONCURRENT_ITEMS: default 100
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS : default 16
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN: default 8
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP: default 0

>>> adv.crawl('https://example.com',
...           'example_crawl_1.jl',
...           custom_settings={'CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN': 1})

How can I slow down the crawling so I don't hit the websites' servers too hard?

Use the DOWNLOAD_DELAY setting and set the interval to be waited before downloading consecutive pages from the same website (in seconds).

>>> adv.crawl('https://example.com', 'example_crawl_1.jl',
...           custom_settings={'DOWNLOAD_DELAY': 3}) # wait 3 seconds between pages

How can I set multiple settings to the same crawl job?

Simply add multiple settings to the custom_settings parameter.

>>> adv.crawl('http://example.com',
...           'example_crawl_1.jl',
...           custom_settings={'CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT': 400,
...                            'CONCURRENT_ITEMS': 75,
...                            'LOG_FILE': 'output_file.log'})

I want to crawl a list of pages, follow links from those pages, but only to a certain specified depth

Set the DEPTH_LIMIT setting in the custom_settings parameter. A setting of 1 would follow links one level after the provided URLs in url_list

>>> adv.crawl(
...     "http://example.com", "example_crawl_1.jl", custom_settings={"DEPTH_LIMIT": 2}
... )  # follow links two levels from the initial URLs, then stop

How do I pause/resume crawling, while making sure I don't crawl the same page twice?

There are several reasons why you might want to do this:

You want to mainly crawl the updates to the site (you already crawled the site).
The site is very big, and can't be crawled quickly.
You are not in a hurry, and you also don't want to hit the servers hard, so you run your crawl across days for example.
As an emergency measure (connection lost, battery died, etc.) you can start where you left off

Handling this is extremely simple, and all you have to do is simply provide a path to a new folder. Make sure it is new and empty, and make sure to only use it for the same crawl job reruns. That's all you have to worry about. The JOBDIR setting handles this.

>>> adv.crawl('http://example.com',
...           'example_crawl_1.jl',
...           custom_settings={'JOBDIR': '/Path/to/en/empty/folder'})

The first time you run the above code and then stop it. Stopping can happen by accident (lost connection, closed computer, etc.), manually (you hit ctrl+C) or you used a custom setting option to stop the crawl after a certain number of pages, seconds, etc.

The second time you want to run this, you simply run the exact same command again. If you check the folder that was created you can see a few files that manage the process. You don't need to worry about any of it. But make sure that folder doesn't get changed manually, rerun the same command as many times as you need, and the crawler should handle de-duplication for you.

How do I use a proxy while crawling?

This requires the following simple steps:

Install the 3rd party package scrapy-rotating-proxies. This package handles the proxy rotation for you, in addition to retries, so you don't need to worry about those details.
Get a list of proxies and save in a text file, one proxy per line
Set a few custom_settings in the crawl function (DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES and ROTATING_PROXY_LIST_PATH)

$ pip install scrapy-rotating-proxies

Save a list of proxies in a text file with the template:

https://username:password@IPADDRESS:PORT

proxies.txt example file (randome values):

https://user123:password123@12.34.56.78:1111 https://user123:password123@12.34.56.78:1112 https://user123:password123@12.34.56.78:1113 https://user123:password123@12.34.56.78:1114

Then, you need to set a few custom_settings in the crawl function:

adv.crawl(
    "https://example.com",
    "output_file.jl",
    follow_links=True,
    custom_settings={
        "DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES": {
            "rotating_proxies.middlewares.RotatingProxyMiddleware": 610,
            "rotating_proxies.middlewares.BanDetectionMiddleware": 620,
        },
        "ROTATING_PROXY_LIST_PATH": "proxies.txt",
    },
)

You can then read the output file normally and see that the proxies are being used:

crawldf = pd.read_json("output_file.jl", lines=True)
crawldf.filter(regex="proxy").head()

	proxy	_rotating_proxy	request_headers_proxy-authorization	proxy_retry_times
0	https://123.456.789.101:8893	1	Basic b3VzY214dHg6ODlld29rMGRsdfgt	nan
1	https://123.456.789.101:8894	1	Basic b3VzY214dHg6ODlld29rMGRsdfgt	nan
2	https://123.456.789.101:8895	1	Basic b3VzY214dHg6ODlld29rMGRsdfgt	nan
3	https://123.456.789.101:8896	1	Basic b3VzY214dHg6ODlld29rMGRsdfgt	nan
4	https://123.456.789.101:8897	1	Basic b3VzY214dHg6ODlld29rMGRsdfgt	nan

How can I change the default request headers?

This is a very common use case, and it is very easy to do. Simply add the DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS setting as a dictionary to the custom_settings parameter:

adv.crawl(
    url_list="https://example.com",
    output_file="output.jl",
    custom_settings={
        "DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS": {
            "Accept-Language": "es",
            "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
        }
    },
)

You can easily check for the actual request headers that were used while crawling. In the crawl DataFrame, simply use the regex pattern request_headers_:

crawldf = pd.read_json("output.jl", lines=True)
crawldf.filter(regex="request_headers_")

	request_headers_accept-language	request_headers_accept-encoding	request_headers_user-agent
0	es	gzip, deflate	advertools/0.13.2

XPath expressions for custom extraction

The following are some expressions you might find useful in your crawling, whether you use advertools or not. The first column indicates whether or not the respective expression is used by default by the advertools crawler.

Used by advertools	Suggested Name	XPath Expression	What it does
True	title	//title/text()	Extract the text of title tags
True	meta_desc	//meta[@name='description']/@content	Extract the content attribute of the meta tag which has the name 'description'
True	viewport	//meta[@name='viewport']/@content	Extract the content attribute of the meta tag which has the name 'viewport
True	charset	//meta[@charset]/@charset	Get the meta tag that has the attribute 'charset', extract the charset attribute
True	h1	//h1/text()	Get the h1 tags, extract their text
True	h2	//h2/text()	Get the h2 tags, extract their text
True	h3	//h3/text()	Get the h3 tags, extract their text
True	h4	//h4/text()	Get the h4 tags, extract their text
True	h5	//h5/text()	Get the h5 tags, extract their text
True	h6	//h6/text()	Get the h6 tags, extract their text
True	canonical	//link[@rel='canonical']/@href	Get the link elements with the rel attribute 'canonical', extract their href attributes
True	alt_href	//link[@rel='alternate']/@href	Get the link elements with the rel attribute 'alternate', extract their href attributes
True	alt_hreflang	//link[@rel='alternate']/@hreflang	Get the link elements with the rel attribute 'alternate', extract their hreflang attributes
True	og_props	//meta[starts-with(@property, 'og:')]/@property	Extract all properties of meta tags whos property attribute starts with 'og:' (OpenGraph)
True	og_content	//meta[starts-with(@property, 'og:')]/@content	Extract the content of meta tags whos property attribute starts with 'og:' (OpenGraph)
True	twtr_names	//meta[starts-with(@name, 'twitter:')]/@name	Get meta tags who's name starts with 'twitter:' and extract their name attribute
True	twtr_content	//meta[starts-with(@name, 'twitter:')]/@content	Get meta tags who's name starts with 'twitter:' and extract their content attribute
False	iframe_src	//iframe/@src	Get the iframes, and extract their src attribute
False	gtm_script	//script[contains(@src, 'googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=')]/@src	Get the script where the src attribute contains googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id= and extract its src attribute
False	gtm_noscript	//iframe[contains(@src, 'googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=')]/@src	Get the iframes where the src attribute contains googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id= and extract the src attribute
False	link_rel_rel	//link[@rel]/@rel	Get all the link elements that have a rel attribute, extract the rel attributes
False	link_rel_href	//link[@rel]/@href	Get all the link elements that have a rel attribute, extract the href attributes
False	link_rel_stylesheet	//link[@rel='stylesheet']/@href	Get all the link elements that have a stylesheet attribute, extract their href attribute
False	css_links	//link[contains(@href, '.css')]/@href	Get the link elements where the href attribute contains .css, extract their href attribute
True	nav_links_text	//nav//a/text()	From the nav element, extract the anchor text of links
True	nav_links_href	//nav//a/@href	From the nav element, extract all the links
True	header_links_text	//header//a/text()	From the header, extract the anchor text of links
True	header_links_href	//header//a/@href	From the header, extract all the links
True	footer_links_text	//footer//a/text()	From the footer, extract the anchor text of links
True	footer_links_href	//footer//a/@href	From the footer, extract all the links
False	js_script_src	//script[@type='text/javascript']/@src	From script tags where the type is text/javascript, extract the src of the script(s)
False	js_script_text	//script[@type='text/javascript']/text()	From script tags where the type is text/javascript, extract the text of the script(s)
False	script_src	//script//@src	Get the src attribute of any <script> tag
False	canonical_parent	name(//link[@rel='canonical']/..)	Get the name of the parent of the link element that has a rel attribute 'canonical'

User-agent strings for use in crawling

A simple collection of some of the popular user-agents in case you need to test while crawling:

Name	User agent string
Amazon 4K Fire TV	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1; AFTS Build/LMY47O) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/41.99900.2250.0242 Safari/537.36
Amazon AFTWMST22	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; AFTWMST22 Build/PS7233; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/88.0.4324.152 Mobile Safari/537.36
Amazon Kindle 3	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; en-US) AppleWebKit/528.5+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/528.5+) Version/4.0 Kindle/3.0 (screen 600x800; rotate)
Amazon Kindle 4	Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux armv7l like Android; en-us) AppleWebKit/531.2+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0 Safari/533.2+ Kindle/3.0+
Amazon Kindle Fire HDX 7	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.4.3; KFTHWI Build/KTU84M) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Silk/47.1.79 like Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36
Apple TV 4th Gen	AppleTV5,3/9.1.1
Apple TV 5th Gen 4K	AppleTV6,2/11.1
Apple TV 6th Gen 4K	AppleTV11,1/11.1
Apple iPhone 11	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone12,1; U; CPU iPhone OS 13_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/602.1.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/602.1
Apple iPhone 12	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone13,2; U; CPU iPhone OS 14_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/602.1.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/602.1
Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone14,3; U; CPU iPhone OS 15_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/602.1.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 Mobile/19A346 Safari/602.1
Apple iPhone 6	Mozilla/5.0 (Apple-iPhone7C2/1202.466; U; CPU like Mac OS X; en) AppleWebKit/420+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0 Mobile/1A543 Safari/419.3
Apple iPhone 7	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone9,3; U; CPU iPhone OS 10_0_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/602.1.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 Mobile/14A403 Safari/602.1
Apple iPhone 7 Plus	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone9,4; U; CPU iPhone OS 10_0_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/602.1.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 Mobile/14A403 Safari/602.1
Apple iPhone 8	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.34 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5341f Safari/604.1
Apple iPhone 8 Plus	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5370a Safari/604.1
Apple iPhone SE (3rd generation)	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone14,6; U; CPU iPhone OS 15_4 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/602.1.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 Mobile/19E241 Safari/602.1
Apple iPhone X	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1
Apple iPhone XR (Safari)	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/12.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Apple iPhone XS (Chrome)	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) CriOS/69.0.3497.105 Mobile/15E148 Safari/605.1
Apple iPhone XS Max (Firefox)	Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) FxiOS/13.2b11866 Mobile/16A366 Safari/605.1.15
Bing bot	Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; bingbot/2.0; +http://www.bing.com/bingbot.htm)
Chrome OS-based laptop using Chrome browser (Chromebook)	Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS x86_64 8172.45.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.64 Safari/537.36
Chromecast	Mozilla/5.0 (CrKey armv7l 1.5.16041) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/31.0.1650.0 Safari/537.36
Google ADT-2	Dalvik/2.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 9; ADT-2 Build/PTT5.181126.002)
Google Nexus Player	Dalvik/2.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 6.0.1; Nexus Player Build/MMB29T)
Google Pixel	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.1.1; Google Pixel Build/NMF26F; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/54.0.2840.85 Mobile Safari/537.36
Google Pixel 2	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.0.0; Pixel 2 Build/OPD1.170811.002; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/59.0.3071.125 Mobile Safari/537.36
Google Pixel 3	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; Google Pixel 4 Build/QD1A.190821.014.C2; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Mobile Safari/537.36
Google Pixel 4	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; Google Pixel 4 Build/QD1A.190821.014.C2; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Mobile Safari/537.36
Google Pixel 5	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 11; Pixel 5 Build/RQ3A.210805.001.A1; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Mobile Safari/537.36
Google Pixel 6	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 12; Pixel 6 Build/SD1A.210817.023; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/94.0.4606.71 Mobile Safari/537.36
Google Pixel C	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.0; Pixel C Build/NRD90M; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/52.0.2743.98 Safari/537.36
Google bot	Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
HTC Desire 21 Pro 5G	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; HTC Desire 21 pro 5G) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.127 Mobile Safari/537.36
HTC One M9	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; HTC One M9 Build/MRA58K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.98 Mobile Safari/537.3
HTC One X10	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; HTC One X10 Build/MRA58K; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/61.0.3163.98 Mobile Safari/537.36
HTC U20 5G	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; Wildfire U20 5G) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.136 Mobile Safari/537.36
LG G Pad 7.0	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.0.2; LG-V410/V41020c Build/LRX22G) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/34.0.1847.118 Safari/537.36
Lenovo Yoga Tab 11	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 11; Lenovo YT-J706X) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36
Linux-based PC using a Firefox browser	Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:15.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/15.0.1
Mac OS X-based computer using a Safari browser	Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_2) AppleWebKit/601.3.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.0.2 Safari/601.3.9
Microsoft Lumia 550	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows Phone 10.0; Android 4.2.1; Microsoft; RM-1127_16056) AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.135 Mobile Safari/537.36 Edge/12.10536
Microsoft Lumia 650	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows Phone 10.0; Android 6.0.1; Microsoft; RM-1152) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Mobile Safari/537.36 Edge/15.15254
Microsoft Lumia 950	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows Phone 10.0; Android 4.2.1; Microsoft; Lumia 950) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2486.0 Mobile Safari/537.36 Edge/13.1058
Minix NEO X5	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.2.2; he-il; NEO-X5-116A Build/JDQ39) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.30
Nexus 6P	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 6P Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.83 Mobile Safari/537.36
Nintendo 3DS	Mozilla/5.0 (Nintendo 3DS; U; ; en) Version/1.7412.EU
Nintendo Switch	Mozilla/5.0 (Nintendo Switch; WifiWebAuthApplet) AppleWebKit/601.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) NF/4.0.0.5.10 NintendoBrowser/5.1.0.13343
Nintendo Wii U	Mozilla/5.0 (Nintendo WiiU) AppleWebKit/536.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) NX/3.0.4.2.12 NintendoBrowser/4.3.1.11264.US
Nvidia Shield Tablet K1	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; SHIELD Tablet K1 Build/MRA58K; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/55.0.2883.91 Safari/537.36
Playstation 4	Mozilla/5.0 (PlayStation 4 3.11) AppleWebKit/537.73 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Playstation 5	Mozilla/5.0 (PlayStation; PlayStation 5/2.26) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/13.0 Safari/605.1.15
Playstation Vita	Mozilla/5.0 (PlayStation Vita 3.61) AppleWebKit/537.73 (KHTML, like Gecko) Silk/3.2
Roku Ultra	Roku4640X/DVP-7.70 (297.70E04154A)
Samsung Galaxy S10	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; SM-G973U Build/PPR1.180610.011) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy S20	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; SM-G980F Build/QP1A.190711.020; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/78.0.3904.96 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy S21	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; SM-G996U Build/QP1A.190711.020; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy S22	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 12; SM-S906N Build/QP1A.190711.020; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/80.0.3987.119 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy S6	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; SM-G920V Build/MMB29K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.98 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; SM-G928X Build/LMY47X) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.83 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy S7	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.0; SM-G930VC Build/NRD90M; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/58.0.3029.83 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; SM-G935S Build/MMB29K; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/55.0.2883.91 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy S8	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.0; SM-G892A Build/NRD90M; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/60.0.3112.107 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy S9	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.0.0; SM-G960F Build/R16NW) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.84 Mobile Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy Tab A	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.0.2; SAMSUNG SM-T550 Build/LRX22G) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) SamsungBrowser/3.3 Chrome/38.0.2125.102 Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy Tab S3	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.0; SM-T827R4 Build/NRD90M) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.116 Safari/537.36
Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 Ultra	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 12; SM-X906C Build/QP1A.190711.020; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/80.0.3987.119 Mobile Safari/537.36
Sony Xperia 1	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; J8110 Build/55.0.A.0.552; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/71.0.3578.99 Mobile Safari/537.36
Sony Xperia XZ	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.1.1; G8231 Build/41.2.A.0.219; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/59.0.3071.125 Mobile Safari/537.36
Sony Xperia Z4 Tablet	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; SGP771 Build/32.2.A.0.253; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/52.0.2743.98 Safari/537.36
Sony Xperia Z5	Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; E6653 Build/32.2.A.0.253) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.98 Mobile Safari/537.36
Windows 10-based PC using Edge browser	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.135 Safari/537.36 Edge/12.246
Windows 7-based PC using a Chrome browser	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.111 Safari/537.36
Xbox One	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows Phone 10.0; Android 4.2.1; Xbox; Xbox One) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2486.0 Mobile Safari/537.36 Edge/13.10586
Xbox One S	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; XBOX_ONE_ED) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.79 Safari/537.36 Edge/14.14393
Xbox Series X	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; Xbox; Xbox Series X) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.82 Safari/537.36 Edge/20.02
Yahoo! bot	Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Yahoo! Slurp; http://help.yahoo.com/help/us/ysearch/slurp)